Differential Diagnosis for Elbow Pain
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow): This condition is characterized by pain and inflammation on the medial (inner) aspect of the elbow, often caused by repetitive strain or overuse of the forearm muscles. Flexion of the elbow can exacerbate the pain, making it a likely diagnosis for elbow pain during this movement.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow): Although more commonly associated with extension, lateral epicondylitis can also cause pain during flexion, especially if the condition is severe or if there's an element of forearm rotation involved.
- Olecranon Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa at the back of the elbow can cause pain, especially when the elbow is flexed, as this movement can put pressure on the inflamed bursa.
- Elbow Strain or Sprain: Acute injuries to the muscles or ligaments around the elbow can cause pain during flexion due to the mechanical stress on these tissues.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Fracture (e.g., Radial Head or Olecranon Fracture): Although less common, fractures in the elbow region can cause significant pain during movement, including flexion. Missing a fracture could lead to improper healing and long-term disability.
- Infection (e.g., Septic Arthritis or Osteomyelitis): Infections in the elbow joint or bone can cause severe pain, swelling, and decreased range of motion. These conditions are medical emergencies requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment.
- Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow can cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and forearm. While not typically life-threatening, missing this diagnosis could lead to chronic nerve damage.
Rare Diagnoses
- Tumors (Benign or Malignant): Although rare, tumors in the bone, soft tissue, or nerve tissue around the elbow can cause pain and limited mobility. Examples include osteochondroma, giant cell tumor, or soft tissue sarcomas.
- Rheumatologic Conditions (e.g., Rheumatoid Arthritis, Gout): Systemic diseases can cause elbow pain, especially during flexion, due to inflammation and joint destruction. These conditions are less common causes of isolated elbow pain but should be considered in the appropriate clinical context.
- Neurological Conditions (e.g., Radiculopathy): Pain referred from the neck or thoracic spine due to nerve root compression can sometimes be perceived in the elbow, especially if there's a component of flexion that exacerbates the nerve compression.