Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): This condition is common in older men and can cause urinary frequency, especially at night, due to the enlargement of the prostate gland which can obstruct the flow of urine.

Overactive Bladder: A condition characterized by a sudden, intense urge to urinate, sometimes accompanied by unintentional urination. It can lead to frequent trips to the bathroom, including during the night.
Diabetes Mellitus: Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes can cause frequent urination (polyuria) as the body tries to rid itself of excess glucose through urine. Nocturia (waking up to urinate) is a common symptom.
Sleep Disorders: Certain sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, can increase the likelihood of waking up during the night, potentially leading to the perception of frequent urination.
Fluid Intake Before Bedtime: Consuming large amounts of fluids, especially those containing caffeine or alcohol, close to bedtime can lead to nocturia.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A serious complication of diabetes that can present with polyuria among other symptoms. It requires immediate medical attention.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): While not always deadly, untreated UTIs can lead to severe complications, such as pyelonephritis or sepsis, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly or those with compromised immune systems.
Heart Failure: Nocturia can be a symptom of heart failure due to the redistribution of fluid during sleep, leading to increased urine production.

Nocturnal Polyuria Syndrome: A condition where there's an excessive production of urine at night without an obvious cause, leading to nocturia.
Pituitary Tumors: Certain tumors of the pituitary gland can affect hormone regulation, potentially leading to conditions like diabetes insipidus, which causes excessive thirst and urination.
Sleep-Related Eating Disorder: Although rare, this disorder involves eating during sleep, which could include consuming fluids, potentially leading to nocturia.