Differential Diagnosis for Vomiting

• Single most likely diagnosis:
  • Gastroenteritis: This is often the most common cause of vomiting, especially in children and young adults, due to viral or bacterial infections leading to inflammation of the stomach and intestines.
• Other Likely diagnoses:
  • Food poisoning: Consuming contaminated food can lead to vomiting, often accompanied by diarrhea and abdominal cramps.
  • Motion sickness: Motion, such as during travel by car, boat, plane, or other vehicle, can cause vomiting in susceptible individuals.
  • Pregnancy-related morning sickness: For women in the early stages of pregnancy, hormonal changes can lead to nausea and vomiting.
  • Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu): Similar to gastroenteritis but specifically caused by a viral infection.
• Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.):
  • Appendicitis: Although less common, appendicitis can present with vomiting, especially if the appendix ruptures, leading to peritonitis, a life-threatening condition.
  • Intestinal obstruction: A blockage in the intestines can cause severe vomiting and is a medical emergency.
  • Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas can cause vomiting and severe abdominal pain, requiring immediate medical attention.
  • Meningitis: In severe cases, especially in children, meningitis can present with vomiting, along with fever, headache, and stiff neck.
• Rare diagnoses:
  • Brain tumors: Certain brain tumors, especially those in the posterior fossa or cerebellum, can cause vomiting due to increased intracranial pressure.
  • Uremia: In patients with severe kidney disease, the buildup of toxins can lead to nausea and vomiting.
  • Addisonian crisis: A life-threatening condition due to adrenal insufficiency, which can cause vomiting among other symptoms like severe abdominal pain and hypotension.
  • Porphyrias: A group of rare genetic disorders that can cause acute episodes of vomiting, abdominal pain, and neurological symptoms.