What is the protocol for gabapentin (Neurontin) taper in neonatal patients?

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From the FDA Drug Label

The FDA drug label does not answer the question.

From the Research

Gabapentin weaning in neonatal patients should be conducted gradually over 1-2 weeks to avoid withdrawal symptoms, with a recommended dose reduction of 10-20% every 2-3 days, as supported by the most recent study 1. When considering the weaning protocol for gabapentin in neonatal patients, it's crucial to prioritize a gradual approach to minimize the risk of withdrawal symptoms and ensure the best possible outcome in terms of morbidity, mortality, and quality of life.

Key Considerations for Weaning

  • The process should be tailored to the individual patient's response, with close monitoring for signs of withdrawal or return of the original condition being treated.
  • A typical starting dose for neonates can range, but the tapering process can be standardized to some extent, with reductions to 5-10 mg/kg/day, then 2-5 mg/kg/day before discontinuation, as seen in various studies including 2 and 3.
  • Monitoring for irritability, jitteriness, feeding difficulties, sleep disturbances, and increased tone is essential, as these can indicate withdrawal symptoms, as noted in 4.
  • If withdrawal symptoms occur, temporarily pausing the taper and maintaining the current dose for an additional 2-3 days before attempting to reduce again more slowly is a prudent approach, considering the potential for rebound neuronal hyperexcitability due to gabapentin's mechanism of action, as discussed in 5.

Evidence-Based Recommendations

  • The most recent and highest quality study 1 provides valuable insights into the use of gabapentin in the neonatal intensive care unit, highlighting the importance of careful management and follow-up.
  • While specific tapering protocols may vary, the consensus across studies 5, 4, 2, 3, 1 supports a cautious and gradual approach to weaning gabapentin in neonatal patients to avoid withdrawal symptoms and ensure the best possible outcomes.
  • It's also important to consider the long-term neurodevelopmental follow-up for these patients, as indicated by the findings in 1, which show a high incidence of developmental delays in infants treated with gabapentin in the NICU.

References

Research

Gabapentin for pain, movement disorders, and irritability in neonates and infants.

Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2020

Research

Gabapentin for Delirium in Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG, 2024

Research

Neonatal Gabapentin Withdrawal Syndrome.

Pediatric neurology, 2015

Research

Gabapentin as Adjunctive Therapy in Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: A Case Series.

The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG, 2023

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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