What is the most likely maternal factor causing miscarriage in a 35-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 1, aborta 2, with a history of subserosal fibroid (uterine leiomyoma), and a recent episode of vaginal bleeding and cramping, with a closed cervix and empty uterus on ultrasound, and a low beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) level of 23 International Units per Liter (IU/L)?

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Differential Diagnosis for the Patient's Miscarriage

  • Single Most Likely Diagnosis
    • Ectopic Pregnancy: The patient's presentation with vaginal bleeding, cramping, and an empty uterus on ultrasound, along with a low β-hCG level, makes ectopic pregnancy the most likely diagnosis. The history of prior dilation and curettage procedures also increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
  • Other Likely Diagnoses
    • Spontaneous Abortion: Given the patient's history of two prior early first-trimester losses, spontaneous abortion is a possible cause of her current symptoms. However, the empty uterus and low β-hCG level make this less likely.
    • Molar Pregnancy: Although less common, a molar pregnancy could present with vaginal bleeding and an empty uterus. However, the presence of a single subserosal fibroid and the patient's symptoms make this less likely.
  • Do Not Miss Diagnoses
    • Pulmonary Embolism: The patient's history of sudden right arm weakness and slurred speech, which resolved spontaneously, could be a sign of a previous transient ischemic attack (TIA). This, combined with her high BMI and potential for increased coagulability during pregnancy, makes pulmonary embolism a diagnosis that should not be missed.
    • Stroke: The patient's previous episode of sudden right arm weakness and slurred speech could be a sign of a previous stroke. Although the patient's symptoms resolved, it is essential to consider this diagnosis due to its potential impact on her health and pregnancy.
  • Rare Diagnoses
    • Gestational Trophoblastic Disease: This rare condition could present with vaginal bleeding and an empty uterus. However, the patient's symptoms and ultrasound findings make this a less likely diagnosis.
    • Uterine Rupture: Although rare, uterine rupture could occur in a patient with a history of prior uterine surgery, such as dilation and curettage procedures. However, the patient's symptoms and ultrasound findings do not strongly support this diagnosis.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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