Differential Diagnosis for Headache and Eye Pain
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Migraine: This is a common condition characterized by recurrent episodes of headaches, often accompanied by eye pain, sensitivity to light, and nausea. The symptoms described are classic for migraine, making it the most likely diagnosis.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Tension Headache: While typically less severe than migraines, tension headaches can cause pain around the eyes and are very common, making them a likely consideration.
- Cluster Headache: Known for severe, one-sided pain often described as being around or behind the eye, cluster headaches are less common than migraines but should be considered due to their distinctive eye pain.
- Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses can cause pain in the face, including around the eyes, and is often accompanied by headache, making it a plausible diagnosis.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A medical emergency that causes severe eye pain, headache, and vision changes. It's crucial to diagnose promptly to prevent permanent vision loss.
- Temporal Arteritis (Giant Cell Arteritis): This condition can cause headache and eye pain, and if left untreated, can lead to blindness. It's more common in older adults and requires urgent attention.
- Meningitis: Although less common, meningitis is a life-threatening condition that can present with headache and eye pain, among other symptoms. Early diagnosis is critical.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Optic Neuritis: Inflammation of the optic nerve causing pain with eye movement and vision loss. It's less common but should be considered, especially in young adults.
- Trigeminal Neuralgia: A chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, which can cause severe, shock-like pain around the eyes. It's rare and typically affects older adults.
- Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH): Characterized by increased pressure within the skull without a detectable cause, IIH can cause headache and eye pain, among other symptoms. It's relatively rare and more common in obese women of childbearing age.