Differential Diagnosis for Blueberry Muffin Rash
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Congenital Rubella: This condition is characterized by a blueberry muffin rash, which is a result of extramedullary hematopoiesis. The rash is typically seen in newborns whose mothers were infected with rubella during pregnancy.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection: CMV infection can cause a similar rash, along with other symptoms such as hepatosplenomegaly and jaundice.
- Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Toxoplasmosis can cause a blueberry muffin rash, as well as other symptoms such as chorioretinitis and hydrocephalus.
- Infantile Hemangioma: Although not typically present at birth, infantile hemangiomas can appear as a blueberry muffin rash in the first few weeks of life.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Congenital Listeriosis: Listeriosis can cause a blueberry muffin rash, along with other severe symptoms such as meningitis and sepsis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent mortality.
- Congenital Syphilis: Syphilis can cause a range of symptoms, including a blueberry muffin rash, and can be life-threatening if left untreated.
- Rare diagnoses
- Congenital Leishmaniasis: Leishmaniasis is a rare condition that can cause a blueberry muffin rash, along with other symptoms such as hepatosplenomegaly and anemia.
- Congenital Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease): Chagas disease is a rare condition that can cause a blueberry muffin rash, along with other symptoms such as cardiomyopathy and gastrointestinal dysfunction.
- Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome: This is a rare condition characterized by multiple hemangiomas, which can appear as a blueberry muffin rash.