Differential Diagnosis for Uvula Redness with White Spots

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis
  • Oral thrush: This is a common condition, especially in immunocompromised patients or those with poor oral hygiene, characterized by white spots on the mucous membranes, including the uvula, due to a fungal infection.
• Other Likely Diagnoses
  • Bacterial pharyngitis: Infections such as streptococcal pharyngitis can cause redness and inflammation of the throat, including the uvula, and may be accompanied by white spots or exudates.
  • Viral pharyngitis: Certain viral infections can lead to similar symptoms, including redness and white spots on the uvula, often accompanied by other symptoms like fever and sore throat.
  • Allergic reactions: Allergic reactions to food, medications, or environmental factors can cause inflammation and white spots in the oral cavity, including the uvula.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses
  • Diphtheria: Although rare in areas with high vaccination rates, diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection that can cause a thick, grey-white membrane to form on the tonsils and uvula, and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
  • Angioedema: A severe allergic reaction that can cause rapid swelling of the uvula, throat, and face, potentially leading to airway obstruction, which is a medical emergency.
• Rare Diagnoses
  • Leukoplakia: A condition where white patches or spots appear in the oral cavity, including the uvula, which can be precancerous and requires further investigation.
  • Uvular abscess: A rare condition where an abscess forms on the uvula, which can cause severe pain, redness, and swelling, and may be accompanied by white spots or pus.
  • Behçet's disease: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause oral ulcers and inflammation, including the uvula, along with other systemic symptoms.