What happens with an overdose of 40mg Amlodipine (amlodipine besylate)?

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40mg氨氯地平过量的后果与处理

服用40mg氨氯地平(正常最大剂量为10mg)会导致严重的钙通道阻滞剂中毒,主要表现为危及生命的低血压和心源性休克,需要立即启动积极的心血管支持治疗。1

临床表现

40mg氨氯地平是正常最大治疗剂量(10mg)的4倍过量,会导致:1

  • 严重低血压 - 由于外周血管扩张和心肌收缩力下降2
  • 心源性休克 - 可能持续数天,因为氨氯地平半衰期长达35-50小时3
  • 心动过缓和传导异常 - 尽管氨氯地平主要影响血管2
  • 难治性休克 - 对标准血管加压药可能无反应2

一线治疗方案

1. 血管加压药

  • 去甲肾上腺素是首选血管加压药,成人剂量可高达100 μg/min2, 1
  • 大型病例系列显示使用血管加压药有良好的生存率,缺血并发症发生率低2

2. 高剂量胰岛素-葡萄糖治疗

  • 这是钙通道阻滞剂中毒的关键治疗,可改善心肌收缩力2, 1
  • 典型方案:胰岛素1 U/kg静脉推注,随后1 U/kg/小时持续输注2
  • 同时给予葡萄糖和钾,需要规范化护理以减少低血糖风险2
  • 与单纯血管加压药相比,血管收缩并发症发生率更低2

3. 钙剂治疗

  • 静脉注射钙剂(氯化钙或葡萄糖酸钙)可改善心率、血压和传导异常2, 1
  • 高剂量钙剂(目标离子钙浓度达正常值2倍)似乎比低剂量更有效2
  • 但大多数患者需要额外治疗,钙剂单独使用效果有限2

辅助治疗

  • 阿托品常用于心动过缓,但治疗失败的报道较多2
  • 亚甲蓝(一氧化氮合酶抑制剂)可作为辅助治疗难治性血管扩张性休克,特别是氨氯地平过量2
    • 但反应不一,效果可能是短暂的2
  • 胰高血糖素作为辅助治疗,反应率不稳定,常见呕吐,可能快速产生快速耐药2

抢救性治疗

VA-ECMO(体外膜肺氧合)

  • 对于药物治疗无效的难治性心源性休克,VA-ECMO可能挽救生命2, 1
  • 病例系列报道生存率高达77%2, 1
  • 如果有条件,应尽早考虑ECMO支持1

心脏起搏

  • 对于血流动力学不稳定的心动过缓,可考虑电起搏2
  • 但效果不一,特别是在完全房室结阻滞或血管扩张性休克患者中2

不推荐的治疗

  • 静脉脂肪乳剂(ILE)不推荐用于钙通道阻滞剂中毒2, 1
  • 大型回顾性研究未发现ILE对钙通道阻滞剂中毒有益2

重要注意事项

  • 持续监测至关重要 - 氨氯地平的低清除率(7 mL/min/mg)和长半衰期(35-50小时)意味着低血压可能持续数天4, 3, 1
  • 多器官支持 - 需要密切监测电解质(特别是钾)和血糖2
  • 容量过负荷风险 - 高剂量胰岛素治疗时需注意2
  • 早期启动治疗 - 不要等待心脏骤停发生,一旦出现难治性休克就应积极治疗2, 1

References

Guideline

Management of Amlodipine Overdose

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Amlodipine in the current management of hypertension.

Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2023

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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