What is scapular dyskinesis (scapular movement disorder)?

Scapular dyskinesis is an abnormal movement pattern of the shoulder blade (scapula) during arm movements. It occurs when the scapula doesn't move properly in coordination with the arm, causing altered positioning and motion that can lead to shoulder pain and dysfunction. This condition is characterized by winging (the scapula sticking out from the back), abnormal tilting, or irregular rotation of the scapula during arm elevation or lowering. Common causes include muscle imbalances, weakness in the serratus anterior or trapezius muscles, poor posture, overuse injuries, or previous shoulder trauma. Treatment typically involves physical therapy focusing on strengthening the scapular stabilizing muscles (including the serratus anterior, trapezius, and rhomboids), improving posture, and correcting movement patterns. Specific exercises might include wall slides, scapular retraction exercises, and rotator cuff strengthening. Recovery usually takes 6-12 weeks of consistent therapy, though this varies depending on severity. While scapular dyskinesis itself isn't always painful, it often contributes to other shoulder conditions like impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tendinopathy, or labral tears by altering normal shoulder biomechanics and placing additional stress on surrounding structures.