What is the peak prostate concentration of amoxicillin (amoxicillin) achieved with 1 gram of oral amoxicillin?

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Peak Prostate Concentration of Oral Amoxicillin

Direct Answer

The available evidence does not provide specific data on peak prostate concentration achieved with 1 gram of oral amoxicillin. The pharmacokinetic studies examining antibiotic penetration into prostatic tissue have not included amoxicillin in their investigations.

Available Pharmacokinetic Data

Serum Concentrations

  • After 1 gram of oral amoxicillin, the mean peak serum level is approximately 9.90 mg/L (μg/mL), achieved within 1-2 hours of administration 1
  • Approximately 70% of the drug is excreted in urine during the first 6 hours 1

Prostate Penetration Data Gap

  • No published studies have directly measured amoxicillin concentrations in prostatic tissue or prostatic fluid following oral administration 2, 3, 4
  • The available research on prostatic antibiotic penetration has focused on other agents including fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, moxifloxacin), aminoglycosides (amikacin), tetracyclines (minocycline), and other beta-lactams (piperacillin, ampicillin-sulbactam) 2, 3, 4, 5

Extrapolation from Related Beta-Lactam Data

Ampicillin-Sulbactam as a Proxy

  • Ampicillin-sulbactam, a closely related aminopenicillin, demonstrates a prostate tissue/plasma ratio of approximately 0.37 5
  • If amoxicillin behaves similarly to ampicillin in prostatic penetration, the estimated peak prostate concentration after 1 gram oral amoxicillin would be approximately 3.7 mg/L (0.37 × 9.90 mg/L serum concentration)
  • However, this is speculative and not based on direct measurement 5

Piperacillin Comparison

  • Piperacillin, another beta-lactam, shows a prostatic tissue/serum ratio of only 0.21 ± 0.15, which was significantly lower than fluoroquinolones 2
  • This suggests beta-lactams generally have poor prostatic penetration compared to other antibiotic classes 2

Clinical Context

Amoxicillin for Prostatitis

  • Amoxicillin is not recommended as a first-line agent for bacterial prostatitis due to lack of efficacy and pharmacokinetic data in this indication 6
  • Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin) achieve prostatic tissue/serum ratios of 1.0-1.6, making them superior choices for prostatic infections 3, 4
  • Moxifloxacin achieves prostatic fluid concentrations of 3.8 ± 1.2 mg/L after a single 400 mg oral dose, with a prostatic fluid/plasma ratio of 1.6 4

Amoxicillin Use in Other Contexts

  • Amoxicillin has been studied for anthrax prophylaxis at 500 mg every 8 hours for adults, but not specifically for prostatic tissue penetration 6
  • High-dose amoxicillin (4 g/day for adults) is recommended for respiratory infections, but prostatic concentrations at these doses remain unmeasured 6, 7, 8

Key Limitations

  • The absence of prostatic pharmacokinetic studies for amoxicillin represents a significant knowledge gap in the literature
  • Extrapolation from other beta-lactams suggests poor prostatic penetration, but direct measurement is needed for definitive conclusions 2, 5
  • The clinical relevance of prostatic tissue concentrations depends on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the target pathogen, which varies by organism 6

References

Research

Amoxicillin: in vitro and pharmacological studies.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1972

Research

Diffusion of piperacillin, cefotiam, minocycline, amikacin and ofloxacin into the prostate.

International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association, 1998

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Amoxicilina-Ácido Clavulánico Dosing Guidelines

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Dosage for Preseptal Cellulitis

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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