From the Guidelines
Treatment for parotitis is primarily supportive, focusing on managing symptoms and addressing the underlying cause, with no specific antiviral or antibacterial treatment recommended unless a bacterial infection is confirmed. When considering the management of parotitis, it's crucial to differentiate between viral and bacterial causes, as this dictates the treatment approach [ 1 ]. For viral parotitis, such as that caused by the mumps virus, the approach is largely supportive, including rest, hydration, and the use of pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to manage discomfort and reduce fever. In cases where bacterial parotitis is suspected, antibiotics such as amoxicillin-clavulanate or clindamycin may be prescribed, depending on the patient's allergy status and the severity of the infection. It's also important to note that parotitis can be caused by obstruction of the parotid gland's duct, in which case treatment involves measures to stimulate saliva flow and promote drainage, such as sucking on sour candies and massaging the gland. Given the potential for complications, particularly in severe or untreated cases, close monitoring and follow-up are essential, with medical reevaluation necessary if symptoms worsen or fail to improve within 48-72 hours of initiating treatment [ 1 ]. Key aspects of management include:
- Rest and hydration
- Pain management with acetaminophen or ibuprofen
- Antibiotics for bacterial infections
- Measures to stimulate saliva flow and promote drainage in cases of obstruction
- Regular follow-up to assess response to treatment and potential need for adjustment.