Differential Diagnosis for Unilateral Submandibular, Submental, and Tonsillar Lymphadenopathy
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Tonsillitis or Peritonsillar Abscess: This is the most likely diagnosis due to the location of the lymphadenopathy, which is often associated with infections of the tonsils. The proximity of the submandibular, submental, and tonsillar lymph nodes to the tonsils makes them the first line of defense against infections in this area.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Dental Infections: Infections of the teeth or gums can cause lymphadenopathy in the submandibular and submental nodes due to the direct drainage of these areas.
- Pharyngitis: Inflammation of the pharynx can lead to lymphadenopathy in the same regions, especially if the cause is bacterial or viral.
- Oral Cavity Infections: Infections in the oral cavity, such as those involving the tongue, floor of the mouth, or buccal mucosa, can also cause unilateral lymphadenopathy in these nodes.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Lymphoma: Although less common, lymphoma can present with lymphadenopathy in any node group, including the submandibular, submental, and tonsillar nodes. Missing this diagnosis could have severe consequences.
- Tuberculosis: TB can cause lymphadenopathy, particularly in the cervical nodes, and is crucial not to miss due to its public health implications and the need for specific treatment.
- Malignancy of the Head and Neck: Cancers in the head and neck region can metastasize to these lymph nodes, making early detection critical for treatment outcomes.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Cat-Scratch Disease: Caused by Bartonella henselae, this infection can lead to lymphadenopathy, typically in the axillary or neck nodes, following a cat scratch or bite.
- Actinomycosis: A rare bacterial infection that can cause abscesses and lymphadenopathy in the neck and jaw area, often associated with poor dental hygiene or oral trauma.
- Sarcoidosis: A systemic disease that can cause lymphadenopathy among other symptoms, though it less commonly presents with unilateral lymph node enlargement in the submandibular, submental, and tonsillar areas.