What are the names and adult dosages of commonly used medications?

Common Medications and Adult Dosages

Antibiotics for Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections

Oral Agents

• Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX): 160-320/800-1600 mg orally every 12 hours 1
• Doxycycline: 100 mg orally every 12 hours 1
• Minocycline: 200 mg loading dose, then 100 mg orally every 12 hours 1
• Clindamycin: 300-450 mg orally every 6-8 hours 1, 2
• Amoxicillin (Augmentin): 875 mg/125 mg clavulanate every 12 hours (maximum 4 grams amoxicillin component per day) 3

Parenteral Agents

• Vancomycin: 30-60 mg/kg/day IV in 2-4 divided doses (15 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours); loading dose of 25-30 mg/kg for seriously ill patients 1
• Linezolid: 600 mg IV or orally every 12 hours 1
• Daptomycin: 4 mg/kg IV every 24 hours for skin infections; 6-10 mg/kg IV daily for complicated bacteremia 1
• Teicoplanin: 6-12 mg/kg IV every 12 hours for 3 doses, then daily 1
• Cefazolin: 500 mg to 1 gram IV every 6-8 hours for moderate to severe infections; 1-1.5 grams every 6 hours for severe life-threatening infections 4

Antibiotics for Necrotizing Infections

Mixed Infections

• Ampicillin-sulbactam: 1.5-3.0 grams IV every 6-8 hours 1
• Piperacillin-tazobactam: 3.37 grams IV every 6-8 hours 1
• Imipenem/cilastatin: 1 gram IV every 6-8 hours 1
• Meropenem: 1 gram IV every 8 hours 1
• Ertapenem: 1 gram IV every day 1

Streptococcal Infections

• Penicillin G: 2-4 million units IV every 4-6 hours plus clindamycin 600-900 mg IV every 8 hours 1

Staphylococcal Infections

• Nafcillin or Oxacillin: 1-2 grams IV every 4 hours 1

Antituberculosis Medications

First-Line Agents (Daily Dosing)

• Isoniazid: 5 mg/kg (maximum 300 mg) daily 1
• Rifampin: 10 mg/kg (maximum 600 mg) daily 1
• Pyrazinamide: 15-30 mg/kg daily (see weight-based tables in guidelines) 1
• Ethambutol: 15-20 mg/kg daily (see weight-based tables in guidelines) 1

Intermittent Dosing (Twice Weekly)

• Isoniazid: 15 mg/kg (maximum 900 mg) 1
• Rifampin: 10 mg/kg (maximum 600 mg) 1

Antibiotics for Anthrax

Community-Acquired Cutaneous Anthrax

• Penicillin V: 200-500 mg orally 4 times daily 1
• Amoxicillin: 500 mg orally every 8 hours 1
• Erythromycin: 250 mg orally every 6 hours 1
• Doxycycline: 100 mg orally or IV twice daily 1

Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax

• Ciprofloxacin: 500 mg orally or 400 mg IV every 12 hours 1
• Doxycycline: 100 mg orally or IV twice daily 1

Important Caveats

Vancomycin dosing requires therapeutic drug monitoring to achieve target trough concentrations of 15-20 mcg/mL for serious infections, as recommended by the Infectious Diseases Society of Taiwan 1.

Clindamycin has inducible resistance in erythromycin-resistant MRSA strains and should only be used when susceptibility is confirmed 1.

Daptomycin is contraindicated for pneumonia due to inactivation by pulmonary surfactant; it should only be used for skin infections and bacteremia at the doses specified 1.

Linezolid is bacteriostatic and expensive, but has no cross-resistance with other antibiotic classes, making it valuable for oral MRSA therapy 1.

Fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines are generally contraindicated in children under 8 years and during pregnancy, except in exceptional circumstances such as bioterrorism 1.