What are the differential diagnoses for hip joint space effusion?

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Last updated: March 29, 2025 • View editorial policy

Differential Diagnosis for Hip Joint Space Effusion

  • Single Most Likely Diagnosis + Osteoarthritis: This is the most common cause of hip joint space effusion, especially in older adults. The wear and tear of the joint cartilage lead to inflammation and fluid accumulation.
  • Other Likely Diagnoses + Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in the joints, including the hip. + Trauma: A recent injury to the hip can cause bleeding into the joint space, leading to effusion. + Septic Arthritis: A bacterial or fungal infection of the joint, which can cause significant inflammation and fluid accumulation. + Transient Synovitis: A condition characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane, often seen in children.
  • Do Not Miss Diagnoses + Septic Arthritis (repeated due to its critical nature): Although listed under other likely diagnoses, it's crucial to emphasize the importance of not missing septic arthritis due to its potential for rapid joint destruction and systemic infection. + Avascular Necrosis: A condition where the bone tissue dies due to lack of blood supply, which can be precipitated by trauma or steroid use. Early diagnosis is critical to prevent further damage. + Hip Fracture: Especially in the elderly, a fracture might not always be immediately apparent but can cause significant morbidity if not addressed promptly.
  • Rare Diagnoses + Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS): A rare condition characterized by the overgrowth of the synovial membrane, leading to joint effusion and damage. + Synovial Chondromatosis: A rare condition where cartilage grows within the synovial membrane, causing joint effusion and potential damage. + Hemophilia: Although rare, patients with hemophilia can experience recurrent joint effusions due to bleeding into the joint space. + Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors can cause joint effusion, although this is a rare occurrence.

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