From the Research
Grain-free diets in dogs should be avoided unless specifically prescribed by a veterinarian for a diagnosed food allergy, as they have been linked to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a serious heart condition. The connection between grain-free diets and heart problems appears related to taurine deficiency or poor taurine metabolism, with legumes and other ingredients in grain-free foods potentially interfering with taurine absorption or utilization, which is essential for heart muscle function 1. If a dog has been on a grain-free diet, especially one high in legumes like peas or lentils, it is recommended to consult a veterinarian about testing for heart problems. Signs of DCM include coughing, difficulty breathing, decreased energy, and fainting.
Key Considerations
- Choose dog foods that include grains and meet AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) standards
- If DCM is diagnosed, treatment typically includes changing the diet, taurine supplementation (typically 500-1000 mg twice daily for medium-sized dogs, adjusted by weight), and heart medications as prescribed by a veterinarian
- Regular cardiac evaluations, including echocardiograms, may be necessary to monitor heart function in affected dogs
- Pimobendan, a calcium-sensitizing inodilator, has been shown to improve heart failure class and survival in dogs with DCM, particularly in certain breeds like Doberman Pinschers 2
Treatment and Management
- Taurine supplementation is crucial for dogs with DCM, as it helps to improve heart muscle function
- Heart medications, such as pimobendan, may be prescribed to improve cardiac contractility and reduce symptoms of heart failure
- Regular monitoring of heart function and adjustment of treatment as needed is essential to manage DCM effectively
Prevention
- Avoiding grain-free diets unless necessary can help to prevent DCM in dogs
- Choosing dog foods that include grains and meet AAFCO standards can help to ensure that dogs receive a balanced diet that supports heart health
- Consulting a veterinarian about testing for heart problems if a dog has been on a grain-free diet can help to identify potential issues early on.