What are the causes of developmental delay?

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Last updated: March 30, 2025View editorial policy

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Differential Diagnosis for Developmental Delay

  • Single most likely diagnosis:
    • Global Developmental Delay: This is the most likely diagnosis as it encompasses a broad range of developmental delays, including cognitive, motor, and language skills, without a specific underlying cause identified.
  • Other Likely diagnoses:
    • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): ASD often presents with developmental delays, particularly in social interaction and communication skills.
    • Cerebral Palsy: A group of disorders that affect movement, balance, and coordination, often associated with developmental delays.
    • Down Syndrome: A genetic disorder that can cause developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, and distinct physical features.
    • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Exposure to alcohol in utero can lead to developmental delays, cognitive impairments, and behavioral issues.
  • Do Not Miss diagnoses:
    • Congenital Hypothyroidism: Untreated congenital hypothyroidism can lead to severe developmental delays and intellectual disability, making early diagnosis and treatment crucial.
    • Phenylketonuria (PKU): A genetic disorder that can cause developmental delays, intellectual disability, and seizures if left untreated.
    • Congenital Infections (e.g., CMV, toxoplasmosis): These infections can cause developmental delays, hearing loss, and vision impairment, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
  • Rare diagnoses:
    • Rett Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder that affects brain development, causing severe developmental delays, intellectual disability, and physical disabilities.
    • Angelman Syndrome: A genetic disorder characterized by developmental delays, intellectual disability, and distinct physical features, often accompanied by seizures and sleep disorders.
    • Prader-Willi Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder that causes developmental delays, intellectual disability, and a constant hunger feeling, leading to obesity if not managed properly.
    • Smith-Magenis Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder associated with developmental delays, intellectual disability, and distinct physical and behavioral characteristics.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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