Definition and Characteristics
CTEV is a congenital orthopaedic condition of the lower limb characterized by four key structural deformities 1, 2:
- Fixed structural cavus (high medial longitudinal arch) 1, 2
- Forefoot adductus (inward turning of the midfoot) 1, 3
- Hindfoot varus (inward tilting of the heel) 1
- Ankle equinus (backward bending/downward pointing of the foot) 1, 3
Epidemiology
The incidence and demographic patterns include 1:
- Incidence: Approximately 1.2 per 1,000 live births in Caucasian populations 1
- Male predominance: Male to female ratio of 2.25:1 1
- Bilateral involvement: 50% of cases affect both feet 1
- Equal laterality: Left and right feet are equally affected when unilateral 1
Clinical Importance
Critical distinction: CTEV must be differentiated from positional (non-structural) talipes, which is fully correctable and occurs approximately five times more commonly than true CTEV 1. Positional talipes does not require casting or surgical treatment 1.
If left untreated, CTEV results in long-term disability, deformity, pain, and inability to walk and stand properly 2, 3.