From the Research
Viral sialadenitis can lead to several complications, including persistent swelling and pain, secondary bacterial infections, abscess formation, ductal strictures or stones, and permanent damage to the salivary gland tissue, emphasizing the need for proper management to prevent these complications and reduce morbidity, mortality, and improve quality of life. The most common complications of viral sialadenitis include:
- Persistent swelling and pain in the affected salivary gland, which may become chronic if the underlying viral infection is not adequately treated
- Secondary bacterial infections can develop, transforming a viral sialadenitis into a more severe bacterial sialadenitis that may require antibiotic therapy
- Abscess formation is another potential complication, necessitating surgical drainage in severe cases
- Some patients may experience ductal strictures or stones (sialolithiasis) following inflammation, leading to obstructive symptoms and recurrent infections
- Rarely, permanent damage to the salivary gland tissue can occur, resulting in decreased saliva production and xerostomia (dry mouth) According to the most recent study 1, a conservative treatment for chronic obstructive sialoadenitis by intraductal instillation of mucolytic, steroids, and antibiotic solution has shown effectiveness in managing the condition, highlighting the importance of evidence-based management strategies. In addition, the study 2 emphasizes the need to differentiate between concomitant sialadenitis induced by various viruses and viral sialadenitis showing characteristic and/or pathognomonic morphological and clinical features. Management typically involves supportive care with hydration, warm compresses, analgesics, and sialagogues (saliva stimulants) to promote saliva flow and help clear the infection, as well as addressing any underlying conditions or complications that may arise, as noted in the study 3.