From the Research
The recurrence rate of digital mucous cysts after treatment is approximately 20-25% with surgical excision, which is the most effective treatment method. Surgical excision typically has lower recurrence rates compared to less invasive methods like aspiration or steroid injections, which may have recurrence rates of up to 40% 1, 2, 3. Complete excision of the cyst along with the associated joint capsule or osteophyte removal tends to yield the best long-term results. Factors that influence recurrence include incomplete removal of the myxomatous tissue, persistent joint pathology, and continued trauma to the area. Some key points to consider when treating digital mucous cysts include:
- The importance of addressing the underlying joint pathology, often associated with osteoarthritis, to prevent recurrence 4
- The use of a local advancement skin flap, which has been shown to be a reliable surgical treatment with low recurrence rates 5
- The need for post-treatment care, including protection of the digit from trauma and avoiding activities that stress the distal interphalangeal joint, to reduce recurrence risk. Patients should be advised that multiple treatments may be necessary, especially with conservative approaches. It is also important to note that the recurrence rate can vary depending on the treatment method used, with surgical excision being the most effective. For example, a study published in the Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume, found that the use of a local advancement skin flap resulted in a recurrence rate of only 1.4% 5. In contrast, less invasive methods like aspiration or steroid injections may have higher recurrence rates, ranging from 30-40% 1, 2. Overall, surgical excision with complete removal of the cyst and associated joint capsule or osteophyte is the recommended treatment for digital mucous cysts, due to its high success rate and low recurrence rate.