What causes unilateral swelling of the upper and lower extremities?

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Differential Diagnosis for Unilateral Body Swelling

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

  • Lymphedema: This condition is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the interstitial tissue, leading to swelling. It can be primary (congenital) or secondary (acquired) due to surgery, infection, or trauma. The swelling typically affects one side of the body, including the upper and lower extremities.

Other Likely Diagnoses

  • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot in the deep veins can cause swelling, pain, and discoloration in the affected limb. While it usually affects one leg, it can also involve the arm.
  • Cellulitis: A bacterial skin infection that can cause swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected area. It can spread to involve an entire limb or side of the body.
  • Lipedema: A chronic condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat in the legs, leading to swelling and pain.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

  • Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: A life-threatening condition caused by the obstruction of the superior vena cava, leading to swelling, discoloration, and shortness of breath. It requires prompt medical attention.
  • Nephrotic Syndrome: A kidney disorder that causes excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to swelling, particularly in the legs and feet.
  • Heart Failure: A condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood, leading to fluid accumulation and swelling in the body, particularly in the legs and feet.

Rare Diagnoses

  • Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome: A rare congenital condition characterized by abnormal blood vessel formation, leading to swelling, port-wine stains, and varicose veins in the affected limb.
  • Parkes Weber Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by abnormal blood vessel formation, leading to swelling, pain, and discoloration in the affected limb.
  • Proteus Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder that causes an overgrowth of skin, bones, and organs, leading to swelling and deformities in the affected areas.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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