From the Research
Introduction to Laboratory Result Interpretation
The interpretation of laboratory (lab) results is a crucial step in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. It requires a thorough understanding of the clinical context, laboratory testing principles, and the information provided by diagnostic tests 1, 2.
Principles of Laboratory Testing
Laboratory tests provide valuable information about a patient's condition, but their results must be interpreted in the context of the patient's clinical presentation, medical history, and other diagnostic findings 2. The interpretation of laboratory results is an inexact science, balancing clinical context and the likely relevance of a laboratory result 3.
Challenges in Interpreting Laboratory Results
Patients and clinicians may face challenges when interpreting laboratory test results, including confusion, limited understanding of reference ranges, and the need for personalized or contextual information 4. Additionally, the uncertainty of numerical laboratory results can be masked by the fact that laboratories report absolute numbers, whereas users have limited knowledge of the confidence interval of the result 3.
High-Quality Interpretive Reporting
High-quality interpretive reporting of laboratory data should provide optional, specific, and considerate statements about the test result, rather than recommendations 5. Such interpretations should be accompanied by an expanded list of differential diagnoses and an itemization of drugs known to affect the test result, if requested.
Improving Patient Understanding
To improve patient understanding of laboratory test results, patient portals should provide timely explanations, educational resources, and personalized recommendations 4. Designers and developers of patient portals should employ user-centered approaches to present information in a more meaningful way.
Clinical Considerations
When interpreting laboratory results, clinicians should consider the following:
- The clinical context and patient's medical history
- The limitations and variability of laboratory tests
- The potential impact of medications and other factors on test results
- The need for additional testing or consultation with specialists
Treatment and Management
The treatment and management of patients based on laboratory results should be guided by evidence-based practices and clinical guidelines. Clinicians should consider the following:
- The patient's diagnosis and treatment plan
- The potential need for medication adjustments or additional therapies
- The importance of patient education and follow-up care
Caveats and Differentials
When interpreting laboratory results, clinicians should be aware of potential caveats and differentials, including:
- Laboratory error or variability
- Interference from medications or other substances
- Alternative diagnoses or explanations for the patient's symptoms
- The need for additional testing or consultation with specialists to confirm a diagnosis or guide treatment.