Differential Diagnosis for Testicular Pain
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Epididymitis: This is the most common cause of testicular pain, especially in sexually active young men. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, such as Chlamydia or Gonorrhea.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Orchitis: Inflammation of the testis, often caused by viral infections such as mumps or bacterial infections.
- Testicular torsion (early stages): Although it's a medical emergency, in its early stages, it might not present with the classic severe pain and can be mistaken for other conditions.
- Varicocele: Enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, which can cause a dull ache or discomfort.
- Hydrocele: Accumulation of fluid around a testicle, leading to swelling and discomfort.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed)
- Testicular torsion (advanced stages): A medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Delayed treatment can result in loss of the testicle.
- Testicular cancer: Although rare, it's crucial to rule out, especially in men with a history of undescended testes or family history of testicular cancer.
- Appendicitis (with referred pain): In some cases, appendicitis can cause referred pain to the testicles, especially if the appendix is located near the testes.
- Rare diagnoses
- Henoch-Schönlein purpura: A form of vasculitis that can cause testicular pain, usually accompanied by other symptoms like rash and joint pain.
- Polyarteritis nodosa: A rare autoimmune disease that can cause testicular pain due to inflammation of the blood vessels.
- Spermatocele: A cystic structure filled with sperm, which can cause discomfort or pain, although it's usually asymptomatic.