From the Guidelines
Keratoconus is the primary corneal condition that causes a cone-like shape, and if left untreated, it can lead to significant vision loss and increased risk of corneal transplantation. This condition, along with others like keratoglobus and pellucid marginal degeneration, involves corneal thinning and distortion, resulting in irregular astigmatism and myopia 1. The severity of the disease and the amount of vision loss are directly related to the delay in diagnosis and treatment 1.
Key points to consider in the management of keratoconus include:
- Early diagnosis is crucial, as prompt treatment with corneal cross-linking (CXL) can reduce or stop keratoconus progression and preserve visual acuity 1
- The greater the delay in diagnosis, the higher the risk of greater vision loss and the need for a cornea transplant 1
- Other treatment options, such as rigid gas permeable contact lenses, can improve vision, but corneal cross-linking is the preferred method to strengthen the cornea and halt progression 1
Regular eye exams are essential for early detection and management to preserve vision and corneal integrity. It is critical to prioritize treatment to prevent significant vision impairment and potential complications like corneal scarring, hydrops, and the need for corneal transplantation.
From the Research
Corneal Conditions that Cause a Cone-Like Shape
- Keratoconus is a bilateral and asymmetric disease that results in progressive thinning and steeping of the cornea, leading to irregular astigmatism and decreased visual acuity 2.
- The condition is characterized by progressive corneal protrusion and thinning, leading to irregular astigmatism and impairment in visual function 3.
Risks if Untreated
- If left untreated, keratoconus can lead to significant visual impairment and may require corneal surgery 2.
- The condition can progress until the fourth decade of life, and early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent further progression 2.
- Untreated keratoconus can result in mechanical irritation to the corneal epithelium, leading to contact lens-related complications and maintaining visual function 4.
Treatment Options
- Treatment options for keratoconus vary depending on disease severity and progression, and may include spectacles, contact lenses, and corneal surgery 2.
- Corneal rigid gas-permeable contact lenses are a common treatment option for keratoconus, and can provide effective and comfortable vision for many patients 4.
- Other treatment options, such as corneal cross-linking, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and intracorneal ring segments, may also be considered 3.