What supplements are helpful for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

From the Guidelines

Lifestyle management, including diet, exercise, and behavioral strategies, is the first-line management in the intervention hierarchy in PCOS, and supplements such as inositol, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D may be beneficial in managing PCOS symptoms. When considering supplements, it's essential to prioritize those with the most substantial evidence base. Inositol, particularly myo-inositol at 2-4g daily, has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and may help regulate menstrual cycles and ovulation 1. Omega-3 fatty acids (1-2g daily) can reduce inflammation and may improve hormone profiles. Vitamin D supplementation (1000-2000 IU daily) is beneficial for many with PCOS who are often deficient, potentially improving insulin resistance and hormone balance.

Some studies have also investigated the use of anti-obesity pharmacological agents in PCOS, including liraglutide, exenatide, and semaglutide 1. However, the evidence for these agents is limited, and more high-quality studies are needed to fully understand their effects on PCOS symptoms. Liraglutide has been shown to be effective in reducing BMI, but its use should be accompanied by lifestyle co-interventions, such as physical activity, to preserve lean body mass and promote weight maintenance.

Key points to consider when managing PCOS symptoms include:

• Lifestyle management as the first-line treatment
• Potential benefits of supplements such as inositol, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D
• Limited evidence for anti-obesity pharmacological agents in PCOS
• Importance of consulting with a healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen
• Need for more high-quality studies on the effects of anti-obesity agents in PCOS.

It's crucial to prioritize lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise and a balanced diet, and use supplements as a complementary approach to manage PCOS symptoms, rather than relying solely on supplements or pharmacological agents. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen, especially if taking medications, as some supplements may interact with conventional treatments.

From the Research

Helpful Supplements for PCOS

The following supplements have been found to be beneficial in managing PCOS symptoms:

• Inositols: effective in improving glucose homeostasis and fertility, with a restoration of ovulatory capacity and menstrual regularity 2, 3, 4, 5
• Vitamin D: helps reduce hyperandrogenism and improve insulin sensitivity 3, 4, 5
• Probiotics: reduces hyperandrogenism, inflammatory and oxidative conditions, and is more effective when combined with selenium 3
• Omega-3 fatty acids: improves inflammatory status and antioxidant capacity when combined with vitamin E 3
• Curcumin: decreases insulin sensitivity and inflammation, and improves restoration of ovarian function 4
• CoQ10: improves restoration of ovarian function and regulates the menstrual cycle 4
• Vitamin E: reduces hyperandrogenism and improves inflammatory status and antioxidant capacity when combined with omega-3 fatty acids 3
• Vitamin B12: important for women with PCOS, as they are at risk of insufficient intake 6
• Folic acid: important for women with PCOS, as they are at risk of insufficient intake 6
• Calcium: important for women with PCOS, as they are at risk of insufficient intake 6
• Potassium: important for women with PCOS, as they are at risk of insufficient intake 6
• Magnesium: important for women with PCOS, as they are at risk of insufficient intake 6
• Zinc: important for women with PCOS, as they are at risk of insufficient intake 6

Dietary Recommendations

Women with PCOS should:

• Increase intake of dietary fibre, folic acid, vitamins D and C, cobalamin, and calcium 6
• Reduce consumption of total fats, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol 6
• Consider supplementing their diet with potassium, magnesium, and zinc if necessary 6