What is the cause of severe swelling in one finger?

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Last updated: April 2, 2025View editorial policy

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Differential Diagnosis for Severe Swelling of One Finger

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Trauma (injury or bruise): This is the most likely cause of severe swelling in one finger, as it is a common occurrence and can result from various types of injuries, such as a blow to the finger or a crush injury.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Infection (cellulitis or abscess): Bacterial infections can cause severe swelling, redness, and pain in the affected finger.
    • Insect bite or sting: Certain insect bites or stings can cause an allergic reaction, leading to severe swelling in the affected area.
    • Arthritis (rheumatoid or osteoarthritis): Although less common, arthritis can cause swelling in individual fingers, especially if there is a history of joint disease.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Compartment syndrome: A serious condition that occurs when pressure within the muscle compartments increases, potentially leading to nerve and muscle damage.
    • Necrotizing fasciitis: A rare but life-threatening infection that can cause severe swelling, pain, and tissue damage.
    • Sepsis: Although rare, sepsis can occur if an infection in the finger spreads to the bloodstream, leading to a potentially life-threatening condition.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Gout: A type of arthritis that can cause sudden, severe swelling in individual joints, including the fingers.
    • Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease): A rare condition that can cause sudden, severe swelling in individual joints.
    • Sarcoidosis: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause swelling and inflammation in various parts of the body, including the fingers.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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