Differential Diagnosis for Finger Pain and Swelling
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Trauma or Injury: This is the most common cause of finger pain and swelling, often resulting from accidents, sports injuries, or other forms of physical trauma. The justification for this diagnosis is the high frequency of minor injuries to the fingers in daily life and during physical activities.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Infection (e.g., Paronychia, Felon): Infections around the nail or in the fingertip pulp can cause significant pain and swelling. The presence of redness, warmth, and pus supports this diagnosis.
- Arthritis (Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis): Various forms of arthritis can affect the fingers, leading to pain and swelling, especially in the joints.
- Gout: Although more commonly associated with the big toe, gout can affect any joint, including those in the fingers, causing sudden, severe pain and swelling.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Compartment Syndrome: A serious condition that occurs when pressure within the muscle compartments increases, potentially leading to nerve and muscle damage. It requires immediate medical attention.
- Osteomyelitis: A bone infection that can result from trauma or spread from another infection site. It is crucial to diagnose and treat promptly to prevent long-term damage.
- Septic Arthritis: A joint infection that can lead to rapid destruction of the joint if not treated promptly.
Rare Diagnoses
- Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath: A rare, benign tumor that can cause pain and swelling in the fingers.
- Sarcoidosis: A condition that can cause inflammation in various parts of the body, including the fingers, though this is less common.
- Erythromelalgia: A disorder characterized by burning pain, heat, and redness in the hands and feet, which can sometimes be localized to the fingers.