What are the treatment options for Hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease)?

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From the Guidelines

甲亢的治疗方案通常涉及三种主要方法:抗甲状腺药物、放射性碘治疗或手术。根据1的研究,抗甲状腺药物如甲巯咪唑(10-30 mg每日)或丙硫氧嘧啶(100-300 mg每日分为三次)常被用作首线治疗,特别是对于轻度至中度病例或年轻患者。这些药物通过阻止甲状腺激素的产生,通常持续使用12-18个月,并在初始阶段每4-6周监测一次甲状腺功能。β-受体阻滞剂如普萘洛尔(20-40 mg,每日3-4次)可能被添加以控制如心悸和震颤等症状。对于不响应药物或复发的患者,放射性碘(RAI)治疗是一个有效的选择,它可以破坏甲状腺组织,但往往导致需要终身甲状腺激素替代治疗的甲状腺功能减退。对于无法耐受抗甲状腺药物的孕妇或那些更喜欢明确治疗的患者,手术切除部分或全部甲状腺(甲状腺切除术)是考虑的选择。治疗的选择取决于患者的年龄、甲亢的严重程度、合并症和个人偏好,目标是恢复正常的甲状腺功能,同时尽量减少副作用和并发症。

From the FDA Drug Label

Methimazole tablets, USP are indicated: In patients with Graves’ disease with hyperthyroidism or toxic multinodular goiter for whom surgery or radioactive iodine therapy is not an appropriate treatment option. Propylthiouracil is indicated: in patients with Graves’ disease with hyperthyroidism or toxic multinodular goiter who are intolerant of methimazole and for whom surgery or radioactive iodine therapy is not an appropriate treatment option.

甲亢的治疗方案包括:

  • 药物治疗:甲巯咪唑(methimazole)或丙硫氧嘧啶(propylthiouracil)可以用来治疗Graves’ disease相关的甲亢或毒性多结节性甲状腺肿。
  • 手术治疗:在某些情况下,手术切除甲状腺可能是必要的。
  • 放射性碘治疗:放射性碘也可以用来治疗甲亢。 这些治疗方案通常由医生根据患者的具体情况选择 2 3

From the Research

甲亢的治疗方案

  • 甲亢的治疗可以采用抗甲状腺药物(甲巯咪唑和丙硫氧嘧啶)、放射性碘治疗或手术切除甲状腺 4
  • 放射性碘治疗是美国最常用的治疗方法,但在格雷夫斯病伴有眼部症状时不应使用 5
  • 手术治疗包括总甲状腺切除和甲状腺切除,适用于格雷夫斯病、毒性多结节性甲状腺肿和毒性腺瘤 4, 5
  • 抗甲状腺药物可以用于暂时治疗甲状腺功能亢进症,也可以长期使用,但应根据患者的具体情况选择治疗方案 6, 7
  • 对于老年患者,放射性碘治疗和长期使用甲巯咪唑治疗都是有效和安全的 8
  • 选择治疗方案时应考虑患者的具体情况,包括病因、症状、年龄和其他健康问题 4, 5, 6

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Hyperthyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment.

American family physician, 2016

Research

Hyperthyroidism.

Gland surgery, 2020

Research

Hyperthyroidism: A Review.

JAMA, 2023

Research

Medical treatment of hyperthyroidism: state of the art.

Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 2010

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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