What are the diagnostic criteria for vertigo (dizziness)?

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眩晕诊断的ifferential诊断

  • 单一最可能的诊断
    • 良性阵发性位置眩晕(BPPV):这是最常见的眩晕原因,通常由耳石问题引起,表现为阵发性、位置相关的眩晕。
  • 其他可能的诊断
    • 前庭功能失调:内耳前庭系统问题引起的眩晕,可能由感染、损伤或其他疾病引起。
    • 迷路炎:内耳迷路感染引起的眩晕,通常伴有听力损失和耳鸣。
    • 脑血管疾病:如Transient性脑缺血发作(TIA)或中风,可能引起眩晕,尤其是在老年人中。
  • 不容忽视的诊断
    • 脑干或小脑梗塞:这些情况可能导致严重的神经系统损伤,需要紧急治疗。
    • 脑膜炎或脑炎:这些感染可能引起眩晕,需要及时诊断和治疗。
    • 心律失常:某些心律失常,如心房颤动,可能引起眩晕,尤其是在有心血管疾病史的人中。
  • 罕见的诊断
    • Ménière病:内耳疾病,表现为反复发作的眩晕、听力损失和耳鸣。
    • 急性耳石症:耳石问题引起的眩晕,通常需要手术治疗。
    • 脑部肿瘤:某些脑部肿瘤,如听神经瘤,可能引起眩晕,需要影像学检查来诊断。

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