Prevalence of Pubic Lice Infestation
Pubic lice (pediculosis pubis) affects approximately 2-10% of the human population worldwide, though precise prevalence data varies significantly by geographic region and population studied. 1
Global Epidemiology
The prevalence of pubic lice infestation shows considerable geographic variation:
- Worldwide estimates indicate 2-10% of the human population is infested with pubic lice at any given time. 1
- The condition is most commonly found in the pubic hair region, though lice can occasionally infest other coarse body hair including armpits, beard, mustache, eyebrows, and eyelashes. 1
Clinical Context and Transmission
Understanding the epidemiology requires recognizing transmission patterns:
- Pubic lice are primarily sexually transmitted, making them distinct from head lice in their epidemiologic profile. 2
- Transmission can also occur through fomites including toilet seats and bedding material, though this is less common than direct sexual contact. 1
- The presence of pubic lice in adults should prompt evaluation for other sexually transmitted infections, as co-infection is common. 3
Population-Specific Considerations
Certain populations experience higher rates of infestation:
- Incidence increases in population groups living in crowded spaces with poor sanitary conditions, such as during wartime or disasters. 2
- Body lice (distinct from pubic lice) should be suspected in persons who do not regularly change or wash clothing or bedding. 4
Clinical Presentation
When patients do present with pubic lice:
- The primary complaint is pruritus (itching) in the pubic area. 2
- The parasite can be visualized with the naked eye, and characteristic blue macules (maculae ceruleae) may be observed in the pubic region. 2
- Patients typically seek medical attention because of pruritus and often notice lice or nits on their pubic hair. 5
Important Caveats
- The reported prevalence range of 2-10% represents a global estimate, and actual rates vary substantially based on geographic location, socioeconomic factors, and population characteristics. 1
- Unlike head lice, which are common in school-aged children regardless of socioeconomic status, pubic lice prevalence is more closely tied to sexual activity patterns and living conditions. 2
- Partner management requires a look-back period of 3 months, and sex partners within the preceding month should be treated. 2, 5