What is the most likely diagnosis for a young woman presenting with a bilateral, band-like headache from her forehead to her neck, without prodromal symptoms, nausea, or photophobia?

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Tension-Type Headache

The most likely diagnosis is tension-type headache, given the bilateral, band-like pressure from forehead to neck without migrainous features (no nausea, photophobia, or aura) and absence of cervicogenic reproduction on examination. 1, 2

Clinical Reasoning

This patient's presentation is classic for tension-type headache based on several key features:

Characteristic Features Present

  • Bilateral distribution: The pain affects both sides of the head in a band-like pattern, which is typical for tension-type headache rather than the unilateral presentation more common in migraine 1, 3

  • Quality of pain: The "vice-like" pressure and tightening sensation is the hallmark pressing or tightening quality of tension-type headache, not the pulsating/throbbing character seen in migraine 1, 2

  • Absence of migrainous features: The lack of nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and prodromal symptoms effectively rules out migraine without aura, which requires at least one of these associated symptoms 4, 2

  • Severity: The description suggests mild to moderate intensity, consistent with tension-type headache rather than the moderate to severe pain typical of migraine 1, 3

Why Other Diagnoses Are Excluded

Migraine without aura is unlikely because migraine requires at least one associated symptom (nausea/vomiting, photophobia, or phonophobia), and this patient explicitly lacks all of these features 4, 2

Cluster headache is definitively excluded by the bilateral nature of the pain—cluster headaches are strictly unilateral with severe to very severe intensity, last only 15-180 minutes, and are accompanied by ipsilateral autonomic symptoms like lacrimation or nasal congestion 5, 2

Cervicogenic headache is ruled out by the negative cervical spine range-of-motion testing and inability to reproduce the headache with skull palpation 1

Occipital headache is not a distinct diagnostic entity in the International Headache Society classification and would not explain the band-like distribution from forehead to neck 2

Clinical Pitfall to Avoid

The band-like distribution extending to the neck might tempt consideration of cervicogenic headache, but the negative provocation testing (cervical range-of-motion and palpation) effectively excludes this diagnosis 1. Tension-type headache commonly radiates to neck muscles and is described as tightness or pressure in this distribution 3, 6

Diagnostic Confirmation

No neuroimaging is indicated for this typical presentation without red flags (no focal neurological signs, sudden onset, fever, or progressive worsening) 1, 2. The diagnosis is clinical, based on the characteristic bilateral, pressing quality without associated migrainous symptoms 1, 3

References

Guideline

Tension Headache Characteristics and Diagnosis

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Headache Classification and Diagnosis

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Tension-type headache.

American family physician, 2002

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Cluster Headache Diagnosis and Management

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Current Understanding of the Pathophysiology and Approach to Tension-Type Headache.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 2021

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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