From the Research
The prevalence of pressure ulcers in stroke patients is approximately 7.4%, with the sacrum being the most common location, as reported in the most recent and highest quality study 1.
Key Findings
- The study published in 2024 1 found that the incidence of pressure ulcers in patients treated for acute ischemic stroke was 7.4%, with most pressure ulcers located on the sacrum (3.7%).
- The study also found that patients with higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at admission and those receiving mechanical thrombectomy (MT) were at higher risk for pressure ulcers.
- Another study published in 2022 2 found that the frequency of pressure ulcers in stroke patients was 8.3%, with the most frequent localization being the sacrum.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2023 3 estimated the pooled prevalence of pressure injury among stroke patients to be 3.9%, with higher prevalence in patients' homes with no home healthcare services and nursing homes.
Prevention Strategies
- Regular repositioning every 2-3 hours
- Use of pressure-redistributing surfaces (specialized mattresses and cushions)
- Early mobilization when medically stable
- Thorough skin assessment at least daily
- Moisture management
- Nutritional support
- Education of caregivers
- Consider air-fluidized beds or alternating pressure mattresses for high-risk patients
Risk Factors
- Hemiplegia
- Decreased sensation
- Urinary incontinence
- Nutritional deficits
- Prolonged immobility
- Higher NIHSS scores at admission
- Receipt of mechanical thrombectomy (MT)
Pressure Points Requiring Special Attention
- Sacrum
- Heels
- Elbows
- Shoulder blades
- Back of the head, particularly on the affected side where sensation may be diminished