Differential Diagnosis for Recurrent Boils and Sinus Infections
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency: This is a common primary immunodeficiency that can present with recurrent infections, including skin and sinus infections, due to the lack of IgA antibodies which play a crucial role in mucosal immunity.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): A genetic disorder that affects the immune system's ability to kill certain bacteria and fungi, leading to recurrent infections, including skin and sinus infections.
- Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD): A rare immunodeficiency that affects the body's ability to fight infections due to impaired leukocyte adhesion and migration to sites of infection.
- Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome): Characterized by recurrent cutaneous and pulmonary infections, extremely high levels of IgE, and eczema, which could explain recurrent boils and sinus infections.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- HIV/AIDS: Although less common, HIV infection can lead to recurrent infections due to immunosuppression. Early diagnosis is crucial for treatment and management.
- Sickle Cell Disease: Can lead to increased susceptibility to infections, including sinus infections, due to splenic dysfunction and other immune system impairments.
- Diabetes Mellitus: Uncontrolled diabetes can impair the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, including skin and sinus infections.
Rare Diagnoses
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by eczema, thrombocytopenia, and recurrent infections, which could include boils and sinus infections.
- Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder affecting the immune system, characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding tendency, and recurrent infections.
- Griscelli Syndrome: A rare disorder that affects melanosome transport and immune function, leading to recurrent infections among other symptoms.
Each of these diagnoses has a unique set of clinical features and diagnostic tests. A thorough medical history, physical examination, and appropriate laboratory tests are essential for determining the underlying cause of recurrent boils and sinus infections.