Is Icterus Jaundice of the Eyes?
Yes, icterus is another term for jaundice, and it specifically refers to the yellow discoloration that affects the eyes (sclera and conjunctiva), along with the skin and mucous membranes. 1
Terminology and Definition
Icterus and jaundice are synonymous terms that describe yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes caused by hyperbilirubinemia (elevated bilirubin levels in the blood). 1
The terms are used interchangeably in medical practice, with "icterus" being the more technical/Latin term and "jaundice" being the more common English term. 1
Yellow pigmentation becomes clinically visible when serum bilirubin exceeds 2.5 to 3 mg/dL, affecting the skin, tissues, and body fluids. 1, 2
Ocular Manifestations
The eyes are a key site for detecting icterus, particularly in the sclera (white part of the eye) and conjunctiva (mucous membrane covering the eye). 1
Conjunctival icterus is an important clinical sign that can help identify neonates with clinically relevant hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin ≥17 mg/dL). 3
In rodent models, icterus is described as "yellow discoloration of the skin, mucus membranes and eyes," confirming that ocular involvement is an integral part of the condition. 1
Clinical Assessment
Icterus is easier to detect in hairless or albino subjects because the yellow pigmentation is more visible in areas without hair or heavy pigmentation. 1
The yellow discoloration is observable in hairless parts of the body, including around the eyes, mouth, tongue, and interdigital spaces. 1
The absence of conjunctival icterus may help rule out significant hyperbilirubinemia, making it a useful screening tool for both clinicians and parents. 3