From the Research
The most effective neuroplasticity-based therapy for amblyopia beyond the critical period is perceptual learning, as evidenced by the most recent and highest quality study 1.
Key Components of Perceptual Learning
- Involves repetitive visual tasks that gradually increase in difficulty
- Typically requires 30-60 minute sessions, 3-5 times weekly for 6-8 weeks
- Can be combined with binocular treatments, such as dichoptic training, for enhanced effects
- Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), can also be used to enhance neuroplasticity when combined with visual training
Supporting Evidence
- A study published in 2022 found that perceptual learning can improve visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis in individuals with amblyopia 1
- Another study from 2014 demonstrated that perceptual learning can improve stereoacuity in amblyopia, with significant reductions in disparity threshold and improvements in stereoacuity 2
- The effectiveness of perceptual learning in amblyopia has been consistently supported by multiple studies, including those published in 2011 3, 2009 4, and 2019 5
Clinical Considerations
- Treatments should be personalized based on the specific type and severity of amblyopia
- Patients should maintain consistent practice schedules to achieve optimal results
- Environmental enrichment through varied visual experiences and physical exercise can also support these treatments by promoting overall brain plasticity
- Perceptual learning operates via a reduction of internal neural noise and/or through more efficient use of the stimulus information by retuning the weighting of the information, as suggested by a study published in 2009 4