Is constipation a common side effect of topiramate?

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Last updated: December 5, 2025View editorial policy

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Is Constipation Common with Topiramate?

Constipation is not a common side effect of topiramate, occurring in only 3-10% of patients, making it relatively uncommon compared to other adverse effects like paresthesias, cognitive impairment, and weight loss. 1

Frequency of Constipation

  • Constipation occurs in 3-10% of patients taking topiramate, which places it in the lower range of reported adverse effects 1
  • In FDA-labeled data from controlled epilepsy trials, constipation occurred in 4% of patients taking topiramate 200 mg/day compared to 0% in placebo 2
  • This frequency is substantially lower than the most common side effects such as paresthesias (4-23%), insomnia (5-10%), and cognitive difficulties 1

More Common Side Effects to Anticipate

When prescribing topiramate, you should counsel patients about the following more frequent adverse effects:

  • Paresthesias (tingling in arms and legs): 4-23% of patients - this is the most common side effect 1
  • Cognitive impairment and difficulty with concentration: occurs frequently, particularly at higher doses 3
  • Weight loss and decreased appetite: common and can be significant 1, 2
  • Insomnia: 5-10% of patients 1
  • Dry mouth: 0-19% of patients 1

Clinical Context for Constipation

  • Interestingly, orlistat may be preferred over topiramate in patients with obesity who specifically have constipation as a comorbidity, as orlistat can actually help with constipation due to its gastrointestinal effects 3
  • When topiramate is combined with phentermine (as phentermine/topiramate ER), constipation is listed among common side effects but still occurs less frequently than paresthesias, dizziness, and cognitive effects 3

Important Monitoring Considerations

Rather than focusing on constipation, prioritize monitoring for:

  • Metabolic acidosis: requires periodic serum bicarbonate monitoring 3, 1
  • Kidney stones: increased risk due to carbonic anhydrase inhibition 3, 1
  • Cognitive and psychiatric effects: can be dose-limiting 3, 4
  • Acute angle-closure glaucoma: serious but rare complication 1

References

Guideline

Adverse Effects of Topiramate

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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