What are the causes of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)?

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Last updated: April 4, 2025View editorial policy

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Differential Diagnosis for Altered Mental Status (AMS)

  • Single most likely diagnosis:
    • Hypoglycemia: A common and easily reversible cause of AMS, particularly in diabetic patients or those with a history of skipping meals.
  • Other Likely diagnoses:
    • Intoxication or substance withdrawal: Alcohol, drugs, or medication overdose can lead to AMS.
    • Infection (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis, sepsis): Infections can cause AMS, especially in elderly or immunocompromised patients.
    • Traumatic brain injury: Head trauma can result in AMS due to concussion, subdural hematoma, or other intracranial injuries.
    • Metabolic disorders (e.g., hepatic encephalopathy, uremia): Electrolyte imbalances, liver or kidney failure can cause AMS.
  • Do Not Miss diagnoses:
    • Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA): Although less common, these conditions are medical emergencies requiring prompt intervention.
    • Status epilepticus: Prolonged seizure activity can present with AMS and is a life-threatening condition.
    • Meningitis or encephalitis: Infections of the central nervous system can be fatal if not treated promptly.
    • Hyperthermia or hypothermia: Extreme temperatures can cause AMS and are life-threatening if not addressed.
  • Rare diagnoses:
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy: A condition caused by thiamine deficiency, often seen in chronic alcoholics.
    • Hashimoto's encephalopathy: A rare condition associated with autoimmune thyroiditis.
    • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A rare, degenerative, and fatal brain disorder.
    • Reye's syndrome: A rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain, often associated with viral infections and aspirin use in children.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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