What are the guidelines for administering interosseous (in the bone) lidocaine?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: December 7, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Intraosseous Lidocaine Administration

The evidence provided addresses intravenous lidocaine administration, not intraosseous (IO) lidocaine—these are fundamentally different routes with distinct pharmacokinetics, indications, and safety profiles. While IO access can deliver medications during resuscitation when IV access fails, the specific guidelines for lidocaine dosing via the IO route follow emergency resuscitation protocols, not the perioperative pain management protocols described in the available evidence.

IO Route for Lidocaine in Emergency Settings

For cardiopulmonary resuscitation, lidocaine can be administered via the IO route using standard resuscitation dosing protocols. 1, 2

Dosing for IO Administration During Resuscitation

  • Adult dosing: 50-100 mg administered as initial bolus, with repeat dosing after 5 minutes if needed 1

    • Maximum total dose: 200-300 mg within one hour 1
    • Rate of administration: approximately 25-50 mg/min 1
  • Pediatric dosing: 1 mg/kg bolus dose per American Heart Association guidelines 1

    • Followed by continuous infusion at 30 mcg/kg/min if needed 1

IO Access Characteristics

  • Success rate: Approximately 80% with trained providers achieving placement within 1-2 minutes 2
  • Drug delivery: Rapid systemic circulation via highly vascularized bone marrow 2
  • All resuscitation drugs can be given by the IO route, though lidocaine specifically demonstrates reliable pharmacokinetics 2

Critical Safety Considerations for IO Lidocaine

Complications Specific to IO Route

  • Extravasation: Most common adverse effect, occurring in 12% of patients 2
  • Rare but serious complications: Compartment syndrome, osteomyelitis, tibial fracture 2
  • Systemic toxicity monitoring: Watch for perioral numbness, tinnitus, metallic taste, visual disturbances, confusion, seizures, cardiovascular collapse 3

Contraindications and Precautions

The IO route should be avoided in:

  • Fractures at the insertion site 2
  • Infection or burns at the insertion site 2
  • Previous IO attempts in the same bone 2

Important Distinction: IV vs IO Lidocaine

The extensive guidelines provided 4 specifically address intravenous lidocaine for perioperative pain management, NOT intraosseous administration. These IV protocols include:

  • Loading doses of 1.5 mg/kg over 10 minutes 4
  • Continuous infusions at 1.5 mg/kg/h 4
  • Extensive monitoring requirements in HDU settings 4
  • Duration limits of 24 hours 4

These IV perioperative protocols should NOT be applied to IO administration, which is reserved for emergency vascular access during resuscitation when IV access cannot be rapidly obtained 2.

Clinical Pitfall

Do not confuse IO lidocaine administration (emergency resuscitation route) with IV lidocaine infusions (perioperative pain management). The IO route is a rescue vascular access method for delivering resuscitation drugs when IV access fails, not a planned route for analgesic therapy 2. The dosing, monitoring, and indications are completely different between these two routes.

References

Guideline

Lidocaine for Scalp Laceration Repair

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.