What is the dose of calcium gluconate (Ca gluconate) for acute hypocalcemia?

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Calcium Gluconate Dosing for Acute Hypocalcemia

For acute symptomatic hypocalcemia in adults and pediatric patients, administer calcium gluconate 50-100 mg/kg IV (up to 1-2 grams in adults) infused slowly over 30-60 minutes with continuous ECG monitoring. 1, 2

Dosing by Severity and Age Group

Pediatric Patients

  • Symptomatic hypocalcemia: 50-100 mg/kg IV calcium gluconate, administered slowly with ECG monitoring 1
  • Standard dose: 60 mg/kg IV infused over 30-60 minutes 2
  • Life-threatening arrhythmias (hyperkalemia context): 100-200 mg/kg/dose via slow infusion with ECG monitoring for bradycardia 1

Adult Patients

  • Mild hypocalcemia (iCa 1.0-1.12 mmol/L): 1-2 grams IV calcium gluconate 3, 4
  • Moderate to severe hypocalcemia (iCa <1.0 mmol/L): 2-4 grams IV calcium gluconate 1, 4, 5
  • Infusion rate: 1 gram per hour 4, 5

Neonates

  • Acute symptomatic treatment: 10-20 mg/kg of elemental calcium (1-2 mL/kg of 10% calcium gluconate) as slow IV infusion 6
  • Maintenance for asymptomatic: 40-80 mg/kg/day of elemental calcium 6

Administration Protocol

Route and Monitoring

  • Administer intravenously via a secure IV line, preferably through a central venous catheter to minimize extravasation risk 2, 7
  • Continuous ECG monitoring is mandatory during administration 2, 7
  • Stop infusion immediately if symptomatic bradycardia occurs or heart rate decreases by 10 beats per minute 2

Infusion Rate

  • Dilute with 5% dextrose or normal saline before administration 7
  • Infuse over 30-60 minutes for non-emergent situations 2, 4
  • Maximum rate: 1 gram per hour for adults 4, 5

Monitoring Requirements

Laboratory Monitoring

  • During intermittent infusions: Measure serum calcium every 4-6 hours 7
  • During continuous infusion: Measure serum calcium every 1-4 hours 7
  • Post-infusion assessment: Check iCa at least 10 hours after completion to ensure equilibration 4

Target Levels

  • Goal ionized calcium: >1.12 mmol/L (normal range 1.15-1.36 mmol/L) 4, 5
  • Minimum acceptable: >1.0 mmol/L 5

Critical Pitfalls to Avoid

Drug Incompatibilities

  • Never mix with phosphate-containing fluids or bicarbonate - precipitation will occur 1, 7
  • Do not administer through the same line as sodium bicarbonate 1
  • Do not mix with vasoactive amines 2

Extravasation Risk

  • Calcium gluconate extravasation causes severe tissue necrosis, ulceration, and calcinosis cutis 7
  • Calcium gluconate is preferred over calcium chloride for peripheral administration due to less tissue irritation 2
  • If extravasation occurs, immediately discontinue infusion at that site 7

Cardiac Considerations

  • In patients receiving cardiac glycosides, administer calcium slowly in small amounts with close ECG monitoring due to synergistic arrhythmia risk 7
  • Avoid rapid administration to prevent hypotension, bradycardia, and cardiac arrhythmias 7

Special Clinical Contexts

High Phosphate Levels

  • Exercise caution when phosphate levels are elevated - increased calcium may precipitate calcium phosphate in tissues causing obstructive uropathy 1
  • Consider renal consultation if phosphate levels are high before aggressive calcium replacement 1

Efficacy Considerations

  • Mild hypocalcemia: 1-2 grams IV calcium gluconate normalizes iCa in approximately 79% of patients 3
  • Moderate to severe hypocalcemia: 4 grams IV calcium gluconate normalizes iCa in 95% of patients, with 70% achieving >1.12 mmol/L 5
  • About half of administered elemental calcium is retained in the exchangeable calcium space 4

Calcium Gluconate vs. Calcium Chloride

  • Calcium gluconate 10% contains 9.3 mg elemental calcium per mL (93 mg per 10 mL) 7
  • Calcium chloride is approximately 3 times more potent (270 mg elemental calcium per 10 mL) and produces more rapid increases in ionized calcium 8
  • However, calcium gluconate remains the standard for peripheral administration due to safety profile 2

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Calcium Gluconate Dosing for Mild Hypocalcemia

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Treatment of acute hypocalcemia in critically ill multiple-trauma patients.

JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2005

Research

Treatment of moderate to severe acute hypocalcemia in critically ill trauma patients.

JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2007

Guideline

Calcium Chloride Dosing for Acute Hypocalcemia

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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