From the Research
Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, typically requires only supportive treatment as it is a mild viral infection that resolves on its own, with symptoms usually lasting 1-3 weeks. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms with acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and discomfort, staying hydrated, and getting plenty of rest, as recommended by the most recent review on the topic 1. Cold compresses can help relieve itching from the characteristic "slapped cheek" rash. The infection is caused by parvovirus B19 and is most contagious before symptoms appear, making prevention difficult, as noted in a review of the condition 1. Once the rash develops, patients are generally no longer contagious.
Some key points to consider in the management of fifth disease include:
- The rash typically evolves in 3 stages, with the initial stage being an erythematous rash on the cheeks, followed by a diffuse macular erythema on the trunk, extremities, and buttocks, and finally a lacy or reticulated appearance 1.
- Joint pain, which is more common in adults, may persist for several weeks to months in some cases, and may require additional management, such as conservative physical treatment, as illustrated in a case report 2.
- Pregnant women, people with certain blood disorders, and immunocompromised individuals should seek medical attention if exposed, as complications can be more serious for these groups, as highlighted in a review of the condition 1.
- The diagnosis is mainly clinical, and physicians should be aware of the potential complications and conditions associated with parvovirus B19 infection, especially in individuals who are immunocompromised, chronically anemic, or pregnant, as noted in a review of the topic 1.