What is the relationship between Toxoplasmosis and Cryoglobulinemia?

From the Research

Relationship Between Toxoplasmosis and Cryoglobulinemia

There is no direct evidence in the provided studies to suggest a relationship between Toxoplasmosis and Cryoglobulinemia.

Causes and Associations of Cryoglobulinemia

• Cryoglobulinemia is associated with various diseases, including:
  • Lymphoproliferative diseases 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
  • Systemic autoimmune diseases 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
  • Infectious diseases, such as Hepatitis C virus (HCV) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
  • Connective tissue disorders 4, 5
• The underlying mechanism of cryoglobulinemia involves B cell lymphoproliferation and autoantibody production 2

Clinical Manifestations of Cryoglobulinemia

• The clinical manifestations of cryoglobulinemia result from either hyper-viscosity or small vessel vasculitis 1
• Symptoms include:
  • Purpura 2, 4, 5
  • Arthralgia 2, 4
  • Skin ulcers 2, 4, 5
  • Glomerulonephritis 4, 5
  • Peripheral neuropathy 4

Treatment of Cryoglobulinemia

• Treatment options are primarily directed by identification of underlying diseases 1
• Treatment may include:
  • Antiviral treatment for HCV infection 2, 3, 5
  • Immunosuppression 1, 2, 3
  • Immunotherapy, particularly anti-CD20 B cell depletion therapies 1, 2