There are no official guidelines to assist in answering this question. I will search for relevant research papers instead.
From the Research
Therapeutic Benefits of Astringent Toner
- Astringent toner has been shown to have various therapeutic benefits, including moisturizing and anti-sebum effects 1, 2.
- The application of toner, either alone or in combination with cream, can lead to a significant increase in skin hydration, making it an effective complement to moisturizing creams 1.
- Guava toner, in particular, has been found to reduce oiliness on the forehead and nose, with significant results observed after 28 days of application 2.
- Plant extracts, such as those found in astringent toners, have been reported to have anti-aging, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, which can be beneficial for skin care and therapeutic applications 3, 4, 5.
Specific Ingredients and Their Benefits
- Gallic acid, a phenolic phytochemical found in some plants, has been shown to have powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, making it a useful ingredient in cosmetic and therapeutic formulations 4.
- Neem, a traditional medicinal plant, has been found to possess anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesic, antiviral, antifungal, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities, which can be beneficial for skin therapy 5.
- Other plant extracts, such as those from guava, have been reported to have anti-sebum and moisturizing effects, making them useful in the development of astringent toners and other skin care products 2.
Potential Applications
- Astringent toners can be used as a complement to moisturizing creams to enhance skin hydration and reduce oiliness 1, 2.
- The therapeutic benefits of astringent toners make them a potential treatment option for various skin disorders, including acne, dermatitis, and hyperpigmentation 3, 4, 5.
- Further research is needed to fully explore the potential applications and benefits of astringent toners in skin care and therapeutic settings 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.