From the Guidelines
Yes, there is a copper IUD, which is a non-hormonal contraceptive device placed in the uterus, and it is effective for up to 10 years, as stated in the most recent study 1. The most common copper IUD in the United States is ParaGard. The copper IUD works primarily by creating an inflammatory reaction in the uterus that is toxic to sperm, preventing fertilization. It can also be used as emergency contraception if inserted within 5 days of unprotected intercourse. Some key points to consider about the copper IUD include:
- Side effects may include heavier, longer periods and more cramping, especially in the first few months after insertion.
- The copper IUD is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy, making it one of the most reliable contraceptive methods available.
- It's reversible, so fertility returns quickly after removal, and it's appropriate for most women, including those who cannot use hormonal methods.
- The insertion procedure is quick but may cause cramping, and is typically done by a healthcare provider during an office visit. According to the latest evidence 1, the copper IUD is a highly effective alternative that does not increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but it may increase menstrual bleeding and cramping for several months after insertion. Overall, the copper IUD is a safe and effective contraceptive option for most women, and its benefits outweigh the potential risks, as supported by the most recent study 1.
From the Research
Types of IUDs
- There are different types of Intrauterine Devices (IUDs), including those that contain copper and those that release levonorgestrel, a progestin 2, 3, 4.
- Copper IUDs are known to be effective in preventing pregnancy, with a failure rate of 0.2-0.5% over 10 years 3.
- The copper T 380A IUD is a specific type of copper IUD that is available in the United States and is safe and effective for contraception 4.
Effectiveness of Copper IUDs
- Copper IUDs are highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a failure rate of less than 1% 2, 3.
- The copper T 380A IUD has been shown to be more effective than depot progestogens in preventing pregnancy, with a risk ratio of 0.45 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.84) 5.
- Copper IUDs are also effective for emergency contraception, with a study showing that the Copper T380A IUD was 100% effective in preventing pregnancy when inserted within 120 hours of unprotected sex 6.
Side Effects of Copper IUDs
- Copper IUDs can cause increased menstrual bleeding and menstrual disturbances, with some women experiencing heavier or more painful periods 2, 4.
- Other potential side effects of copper IUDs include difficult insertion, pain, bleeding, and syncope, although these are rare 2.
- Copper IUDs do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases, and women should be warned of this risk 2.