From the Research
HIV infection can affect the adenoids, and treatment should focus on standard antiretroviral therapy (ART) protocols to manage the infection and prevent complications. The adenoids, being lymphoid tissues located in the nasopharynx, can become enlarged in HIV-infected individuals due to the virus's impact on the lymphatic system, as HIV targets CD4+ T cells abundant in these tissues 1. This can lead to the establishment of viral reservoirs in the adenoids, contributing to persistent infection even during antiretroviral therapy. The most recent and highest quality study on HIV treatment, published in 2022, discusses the role of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in managing HIV infection, highlighting their mechanism of action, resistance, and current clinical application, including long-acting regimens 2. Given this, the recommended treatment approach for HIV involving adenoids should prioritize the use of effective ART regimens, such as those including integrase inhibitors, NRTIs, and protease inhibitors, to suppress viral replication and manage symptoms. Regular monitoring of viral load and CD4 counts is crucial to assess treatment effectiveness, as emphasized in studies focusing on the management of HIV infection 3, 4. In cases where adenoid enlargement causes significant symptoms, surgical intervention like adenoidectomy might be considered, but this decision should be made with caution, weighing the benefits against potential risks in immunocompromised patients, as discussed in a review on adenoidectomy approaches and indications 5. Key considerations in the management of HIV-related adenoid issues include:
- The use of effective ART to suppress viral replication
- Monitoring of viral load and CD4 counts to assess treatment response
- Careful consideration of surgical interventions like adenoidectomy, balancing benefits and risks
- Awareness of the potential for adenoid enlargement to contribute to complications such as nasal obstruction or recurrent infections.