What is the normal reference range for Free Thyroxine (FT4) in children under 1 month, measured in nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL)?

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FT4 Reference Range for Neonates Under 1 Month

The provided evidence does not contain specific FT4 reference ranges for children under 1 month of age expressed in ng/dL, but the available neonatal data can be converted and applied to this age group.

Available Neonatal Reference Ranges

For neonates aged 3-7 days (first week of life), the FT4 reference range is 20.5-37.1 pmol/L, and for neonates aged 13-15 days (second week), the range is 15.3-26.5 pmol/L 1. Converting these values to ng/dL (using the conversion factor: 1 ng/dL = 12.87 pmol/L):

  • Days 3-7: 1.59-2.88 ng/dL
  • Days 13-15: 1.19-2.06 ng/dL

For infants aged 14-30 days, another study provides reference ranges of 11.59-21.00 pmol/L (days 14-21) and 10.14-19.60 pmol/L (days 22-30), which convert to approximately 0.90-1.63 ng/dL and 0.79-1.52 ng/dL respectively 2.

Critical Interpretation Points

  • The lower limit of the FT4 reference range in the first week of life (1.59 ng/dL or 20.5 pmol/L) is substantially higher than adult reference ranges, which is crucial for diagnosing central congenital hypothyroidism 1.

  • FT4 levels decline progressively during the first month of life, with higher values in the first week compared to weeks 2-4 1, 2.

  • For infants 1-12 months old measured by tandem mass spectrometry, the reference range is 1.3-2.8 ng/dL 3.

Essential Clinical Caveats

  • Reference ranges vary significantly between different immunoassay platforms and manufacturers 4, 3. The ranges provided above are assay-specific (Cobas/Roche for 1, Beckman Coulter DxI 800 for 2).

  • Always use the reference range established by your specific laboratory using their exact analyzer and reagent system 5, 4. Using inappropriate reference ranges can lead to misdiagnosis with serious consequences including unnecessary treatment or missed diagnoses 5.

  • FT4 must always be interpreted in conjunction with TSH levels for comprehensive assessment 4, 6. In congenital hypothyroidism of thyroidal origin, TSH is elevated with low FT4, while central hypothyroidism shows low FT4 without clearly elevated TSH 1.

  • Age in days matters significantly—a value normal at day 3 may be abnormal at day 14 1, 2.

References

Research

Pediatric reference intervals for free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2009

Guideline

Thyroid Function Assessment Guidelines

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Thyroid Function Tests and Interpretation

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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