From the Research
Lathyrism is a preventable neurological disorder caused by excessive consumption of the grass pea (Lathyrus sativus), and the most effective approach to managing this condition is through prevention, which involves limiting consumption of grass pea, properly processing the legume, and maintaining a diverse diet. This condition primarily affects the lower limbs, causing muscle weakness, paralysis, and a characteristic spastic paraparesis where patients develop a scissor-like gait, as described in studies such as 1. Lathyrism occurs predominantly in regions experiencing famine or food insecurity, where grass pea becomes a primary food source due to its drought resistance. The neurotoxin responsible for this condition is believed to be beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid (ODAP), a potent neuroexcitatory amino acid, as suggested by research including 2.
Some key features of lathyrism include:
- A pyramidal pattern of motor weakness combined with greatly increased tone in the thigh extensors and adductors and in the gastrocnemius muscles, as noted in 3
- Extensor plantar responses are uniformly present in such cases, and the knee and ankle tendon reflexes are exaggerated and often clonic
- Sensory signs are absent, although perverse sensations in the legs are frequently reported at the onset
- Walking difficulties commonly begin suddenly but may also appear subacutely or insidiously
There is no specific treatment to reverse established neurological damage, so management focuses on supportive care including physical therapy to maintain mobility and prevent complications, as discussed in 1. The condition develops gradually after months of regular consumption of the toxin, with symptoms typically being permanent once established. Public health education about proper preparation methods and the risks of overconsumption of grass pea is essential in vulnerable regions to prevent this debilitating condition. Studies such as 4 and 5 provide further insight into the clinical presentation and long-term effects of lathyrism, highlighting the importance of prevention and proper management to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.