From the FDA Drug Label
The FDA drug label does not answer the question.
From the Research
Naltrexone should typically be continued for at least 6-12 months in someone with alcohol use disorder who has maintained sobriety, even after several months of abstinence. The standard dose is 50mg once daily, though some patients may start at 25mg to minimize side effects 1. Discontinuation should not be abrupt but rather discussed with a healthcare provider who can help determine the appropriate timing based on individual risk factors for relapse, ongoing cravings, and psychosocial stability. Premature discontinuation increases relapse risk, as naltrexone works by blocking opioid receptors that mediate alcohol's pleasurable effects, thereby reducing cravings and the reward from drinking.
Some key points to consider when using naltrexone for alcohol use disorder include:
- The medication is most effective when combined with counseling or support groups 2
- Common side effects include nausea, headache, and dizziness, which typically improve over time
- Liver function should be monitored periodically, and the medication is contraindicated in acute hepatitis, liver failure, or for patients taking opioid medications
- Even after discontinuation, having a relapse prevention plan is essential 3
It's also important to note that while naltrexone is effective in reducing relapse rates and cravings, it may not substantially enhance abstinence rates 2. However, when used in conjunction with other treatments, such as counseling and support groups, it can be a valuable tool in maintaining sobriety. As of 2020, naltrexone remains one of the medications approved for the treatment of alcohol use disorder by the US Food and Drug Administration 1.