From the Guidelines
Asperger's disorder, now classified under autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is characterized by distinct clinical signs including difficulties with social interaction and communication, restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, and normal to above-average intelligence. The primary signs of Asperger's disorder include:
- Difficulties with social interaction, such as trouble understanding nonverbal cues, maintaining eye contact, and developing age-appropriate peer relationships
- Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, often showing intense focus on specific topics
- Normal to above-average intelligence, with language skills developing on time, though speech may be formal or pedantic
- Struggles with understanding social nuances, sarcasm, and humor, leading to awkward social interactions
- Physical characteristics, such as motor clumsiness or awkward movements
- Sensory sensitivities to sounds, lights, textures, or tastes
- Preference for routines and potential distress when routines change
According to the study by 1, Asperger's disorder was described in 1944, but not officially recognized until DSM-IV, and is characterized by a lack of delays in language acquisition or unusual behaviors and environmental responsiveness during the first years of life. The outcome in Asperger's disorder generally appears to be better than that for autism, although this may relate to better cognitive and/or verbal abilities. The study by 1 also highlights the importance of early diagnosis and provision of services to improve long-term prognosis.
In terms of diagnosis, Asperger's disorder typically occurs in childhood, but may be delayed until social demands exceed coping abilities, as noted in the study by 1. The clinical presentation and course of Asperger's disorder can vary, but generally include difficulties with social interaction, communication, and restricted interests and activities.
Overall, the clinical signs of Asperger's disorder are distinct and can have a significant impact on an individual's daily functioning and quality of life, and early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to improving outcomes, as supported by the studies by 1 and 1.
From the Research
Clinical Signs of Asperger's Disorder
The clinical signs of Asperger's disorder are characterized by abnormalities in social interaction and communication skills, as well as stereotypic behaviors and restricted activities and interests 2, 3. Some common experiences reported by individuals with Asperger syndrome and other autism spectrum disabilities include:
- A profound sense of isolation
- Difficulty initiating social interactions
- Challenges relating to communication
- Longing for greater intimacy
- Desire to contribute to one's community
- Effort to develop greater social/self-awareness 4
Social Challenges and Supports
Individuals with Asperger syndrome and other autism spectrum disabilities may benefit from external supports, such as:
- Activities based on shared interests
- Highly structured or scripted social activities
- Small groups or dyads They may also benefit from communication supports, such as:
- Alternative modes of communication
- Explicit communication
- Instruction in interpreting and using social cues 4
Treatment and Intervention
While there is no cure for Asperger's disorder, treatment and intervention can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are sometimes prescribed to treat co-morbid conditions such as depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors 2, 3. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) may also be effective in combination with SSRIs for treating depression and anxiety in adolescents 5, 6. However, the effectiveness of these treatments can vary depending on individual characteristics and circumstances.