How long after collection can a Serum Separator Tube (SST) be tested?

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Last updated: December 19, 2025View editorial policy

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SST Tube Testing Timeline After Collection

An SST tube should ideally be tested within 2 hours of collection after proper clotting and centrifugation, though serum can remain stable in the tube for up to 24 hours when refrigerated at 4°C. 1

Optimal Processing Timeline

The complete workflow from collection to testing follows this critical timeline:

Clotting Phase (30-60 minutes)

  • SST tubes require 30 minutes of clotting time at room temperature before centrifugation 1
  • Blood must sit upright during this period to allow proper clot formation 1
  • Insufficient clotting leads to fibrin formation that clogs analyzers, while prolonged clotting causes cell lysis and serum contamination 1, 2

Pre-Centrifugation Delay (≤2 hours preferred)

  • The entire process from collection to centrifugation should be completed within 2 hours 1
  • This 2-hour window includes the 30-minute clotting time 1
  • If immediate processing isn't feasible, refrigerate at 4°C for no more than 24 hours 1
  • Room temperature storage beyond 2 hours causes progressive biomarker degradation, particularly for sensitive analytes like Aβ peptides 1

Centrifugation

  • Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1500-2000 × g at 4°C 1
  • This separates serum from the clot and cellular components 1

Post-Centrifugation Storage and Testing

  • Serum should be separated from cells and tested within 2 hours of centrifugation 1
  • Serum left in contact with cells for more than 2 hours shows progressive analyte degradation 1
  • Post-centrifugation delay causes slower but still significant biomarker decline compared to pre-centrifugation delay 1

Extended Storage Considerations

When immediate testing is impossible:

  • Refrigeration at 4°C extends stability but should not exceed 24 hours before centrifugation 1
  • After centrifugation and serum separation, samples can be stored at 4°C for up to 4 hours before testing 1
  • For longer storage, freeze serum at -80°C immediately after separation 1
  • Never store serum at -20°C for clinical purposes 1

Critical Pitfalls to Avoid

Temperature management is crucial: Room temperature storage accelerates degradation exponentially compared to refrigeration 1. The impact is particularly severe for labile analytes.

Contact time with cells matters: The 2-hour rule applies to total contact time between serum and cellular components 1. Once centrifuged, transfer serum to a secondary tube promptly.

Specific analyte considerations: While most routine chemistry tests remain stable for 24-72 hours in SST tubes 3, 4, specialized biomarkers (particularly Alzheimer's disease markers) are far more sensitive to delays 1.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Serum Electrolytes Testing: Vacutainer Selection

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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