Differential Diagnosis for Eye Redness in an 18-year-old Male
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Allergic conjunctivitis: This is a common condition, especially in young adults, characterized by eye redness, itching, and discharge, often associated with seasonal allergies or exposure to allergens.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Viral conjunctivitis: Highly contagious and common, presenting with redness, itching, and a watery discharge, often accompanied by a sore throat or recent upper respiratory infection.
- Dry eye syndrome: Can cause eye redness, irritation, and a sensation of grittiness, especially in individuals who spend a lot of time looking at screens or have a history of contact lens use.
- Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelids can lead to eye redness, itching, and crusting around the eyelashes, often associated with poor eyelid hygiene or conditions like acne rosacea.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Acute angle-closure glaucoma: A medical emergency characterized by severe eye pain, redness, blurred vision, and possibly nausea and vomiting. It requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent vision loss.
- Corneal ulcer: An open sore on the cornea, which can be very painful and is accompanied by redness, discharge, and sensitivity to light. It can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.
- Endophthalmitis: A severe inflammation of the interior of the eye, usually caused by infection. Symptoms include severe eye pain, redness, decreased vision, and it is a medical emergency.
Rare Diagnoses
- Keratoconus: A progressive eye disease in which the normally round cornea thins and begins to bulge into a cone-like shape, causing distorted vision and can be associated with eye redness.
- Sjögren's syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can cause dry eyes and mouth, among other symptoms, and can lead to eye redness and irritation.
- Erythema multiforme: A skin condition that can affect the eyes, causing redness, irritation, and sometimes blisters, often in response to an infection or medication.